Impact on Exporters
The commercial and operational impacts of these standards
are certain to increase the cost of wood pallets (as much
as $8 or more per unit, not including administration) and
packaging for international shipments. New and additional
paperwork is a certainty for everyone involved, adding another
level of cost and risk to the exporting process. New product
classifications carrying new testing and related certifications
can be anticipated.
In March 2002 the International Plant Protection Organization
(IPPO), which is a division of the United Nations, implemented
a global standard governing all non-manufactured wood packaging
(both coniferous and non-coniferous), and it will be implemented
over a 1-2 year timeframe. Actual implementation will be
left to the individual country, creating more uncertainty
and risk for exporters, as interpretation and consequential
actions at national authority levels relating to the standard
will undoubtedly be "non-standard" for some time.
The standard requires solid wood packaging (SWP) to be
treated and marked. Treatment methods include heat treatment,
chemical pressure impregnation and fumigation with methyl
bromide. The international standard sets specific treatment
requirements. For example, heat-treated lumber/packaging
must be heated at the core to 56 degrees Celsius for 30
minutes. This can be achieved by using a dry kiln or any
other approved heat treatment chamber.
In some cases, fumigation, chemical pressure
impregnation or other treatment methods will be allowed,
as long as the importing country approves. However, experts
stress that fumigation will become the exception, not the
rule. The primary chemical used in fumigation is methyl
bromide, which has often been banned because it is an ozone
depleting substance.
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